Built on a Ryukyu limestone hill about 100 m high, this gusuku is known as an “earthen gusuku” without the grand stone walls of a castle like Shuri Castle, and it is a little-known historic site.

It is not a developed tourist attraction, but the tombs of the first to third Esu aji (local lords) and the tomb of a noro (local priestess) still remain, strongly conveying the politics and prayer of the Ryukyu Kingdom era.

This article covers the highlights, history and access information for Esu Castle Ruins in detail.

Our Rating of Esu Castle Ruins (Esu Gusuku)

Basic Information on Esu Castle Ruins (Esu Gusuku)

Highlights

A gusuku built on a limestone hill in Gushikawa, Uruma City

Esu Gusuku was built on a Ryukyu limestone hill about 100 m high behind Nakahara Elementary School in Gushikawa, Uruma City.

It is long and narrow, about 150 m north to south and about 60 m east to west, and makes direct use of the shape of the hill. Set on high ground with a view of the sea, it had all the conditions for a defensive stronghold.

An “earthen gusuku” with no visible stonework

Its biggest feature is that, unlike other famous gusuku, no impressive castle walls remain.

It is also known as “Esu no Tsuchi Gusuku” (the earthen gusuku of Esu). As the name suggests, no stonework remains have been found, and it is thought to have been an earthen gusuku.

A sacred site with the tombs of the Esu aji and a noro

Inside the gusuku, tombs of successive rulers still remain.

The aji tomb is said to belong to the first to third Esu aji, and the noro tomb is said to hold the aji’s sister and noro priestesses.

This shows that the gusuku was both a seat of politics and a sacred place for prayer and ritual.

The tombs of the Esu aji and the noro look like the photo above.

Esu Nundunchi

There is the Esu Nundunchi (the noro’s residence and shrine).

Next to the Esu Nundunchi there was also a Hinukan (hearth deity).

Access & Parking

Esu Castle Ruins has no dedicated parking.

We recommend parking briefly nearby where you will not block traffic.

Summary

Esu Castle Ruins (Esu Gusuku) is a rare “earthen gusuku” with no visible stonework, and a sacred historic site where the tombs of the aji and a noro have quietly marked the passage of time.

It is not well known, and it lacks facilities such as parking and restrooms, but that is exactly why you can experience a simple, unspoiled gusuku in its original form.

A visit takes only about 15-30 minutes, so it is easy to drop by. If you are in the Uruma City area, why not stop in and reflect on the history of the Ryukyus?

The post Esu Castle Ruins (Esu Gusuku) | A castle site in Gushikawa, Uruma City first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.

It was destroyed during the war, however, and almost nothing remains above ground today.

There is no parking, but it is a great place for anyone who wants to experience Okinawa’s history and nature. From the top you can take in beautiful views of Okinawa, and places of worship and stone monuments that connect you with Ryukyuan culture are dotted around.

Why not visit Goeku Gusuku and get a feel for Okinawa’s history and culture?

Our Rating of Goeku Gusuku Ruins

*Ratings are the subjective view of the Okinawa Bookmark editor, compared with other castles and castle ruins in Okinawa

Basic Information on Goeku Gusuku Ruins

Highlights of Goeku Gusuku Ruins

The national Place of Scenic Beauty “Amamikunumui”

Goeku Gusuku is a place where Okinawa’s history and natural beauty come together.

It is also known as part of the national Place of Scenic Beauty “Amamikunumui”, and its historical value is immense.

It has a mysterious atmosphere that recalls its former glory and captivates visitors.

Beautiful views from the high ground

The view from the high ground of Goeku Gusuku is lovely too.

You can look out over Okinawa City.

Tombs and bronze items found in excavations

Excavations have turned up many valuable finds from the 14th-15th centuries, including buildings and hearth remains, tombs, trade ceramics, fragments of bronze mirrors and stone magatama beads.

These artifacts show just how prosperous Goeku Gusuku once was.

Places of worship

Today there are places of worship that carry the memory of the former gusuku.

It is a place where visitors can offer prayers and spend some quiet time.

Now used as Gusukumae Park

The site of Goeku Gusuku is now Gusukumae Park, well loved by local residents.

In the park there is also a stone monument inscribed “Goeku Gusuku Ruins”, which gives a sense of history.

When we visited, local children were playing in the park.

Restrooms and rest areas

The park also has restrooms and rest areas for visitors.

You can take a break while slowly soaking up the history of Goeku Gusuku.

History of Goeku Gusuku

Goeku Gusuku is in the central part of Okinawa Island and was once one of the key strongholds of the Ryukyu Kingdom.

Built on a limestone hill about 80 m high, its summit is said to have once been higher than it is today, with a view of the sea to the east.

Goeku Gusuku has a long history: records show that during the Ryukyu Kingdom era, Sho Taikyu and Sho Sen’i, who later became kings, held this land when they were princes.

It is not certain whether they actually lived at Goeku Gusuku, but it is considered highly likely.

Excavations have uncovered many valuable finds from the 14th to 15th centuries, including traces of buildings and hearths, tombs, trade ceramics, bronze mirror fragments and stone magatama beads,

suggesting that Goeku Gusuku was once a trading hub and also played an important religious role.

In particular, its additional designation as part of the national Place of Scenic Beauty “Amamikunumui” speaks to its historical and cultural value.

However, wartime destruction and postwar development have left almost none of Goeku Gusuku’s above-ground remains.

It was once revered as “Washi-no-mine” (Eagle’s Peak) and is said to have kept its castle walls and arched gates, but none of that can be seen today.

Even so, the site, now used as Gusukumae Park, has a stone monument inscribed “Goeku Gusuku Ruins” that makes its presence felt.

Parking, Directions and Access for Goeku Gusuku Ruins

There is no parking at Goeku Gusuku.

If you just want a quick look, about 5 minutes is enough, so a brief stop nearby where you will not block traffic may work.

Summary

Goeku Gusuku is a castle site in Goeku, Okinawa City.

It was once a magnificent castle with towering walls and arched gates, but it was destroyed during the war, and almost nothing remains today.

Even so, Goeku Gusuku is a place of great historical value, with the following attractions.

• The national Place of Scenic Beauty “Amamikunumui”: a sacred site said to have been built by Amamiku, the creator deity of the Ryukyus
• Valuable finds from excavations: 14th-15th-century buildings and hearth remains, tombs, trade ceramics, bronze mirror fragments, stone magatama beads and more
• A space where nature and history meet: from the top you can take in beautiful views of Okinawa

It is a great place for anyone who wants to experience Okinawa’s history and nature. Why not pay Goeku Gusuku a visit?

The post Goeku Gusuku Ruins | A vanished castle with no parking: the appeal of Goeku Gusuku first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.

This is known as the place where Uni-Ufugusuku (Ufugusuku Kenyu), a 15th-century warrior famed for his strength, met his end, and it holds a dramatic history. Along with the castle remains, places of worship and utaki (sacred sites) where local people still pray are preserved here, so history and faith quietly overlap.

There are no flashy tourist facilities, but it is a little-known spot where you can feel the atmosphere of Okinawa’s age of warring lords and the faith rooted in the land. This article covers the highlights, history and access information for Chibana Gusuku.

Our Rating of Chibana Castle Ruins (Chibana Gusuku)

*Ratings are the subjective view of the Okinawa Bookmark editor, compared with other castles and castle ruins in Okinawa

Basic Information on Chibana Castle Ruins (Chibana Gusuku)

Chibana Castle Ruins (Chibana Gusuku) is not a crowded tourist spot, but we recommend it to anyone interested in the deeper history of Okinawa and its castles.

Highlights

About Chibana Gusuku

This gusuku was built on a karst remnant hill 87 m high, and locals call it Chibana Gushiku. Chinese ceramics and other artifacts have been excavated here.

Legend says this is where Uni-Ufugusuku (Ufugusuku Kenyu), a 15th-century warrior famed for his strength, spent his last days. On the southern slope is the Tomb of Uni-Ufugusuku (a city-designated cultural property), and on the north side are the local places of worship Ue-no-Tonmo (a city-designated cultural property) and Kansa-Jiya.

It also sits on the fault line that divides the north of Okinawa’s main island from the central and southern parts, which makes it an important area for geology and botany.

A natural stronghold on a karst remnant hill

About 300 m northwest of the Chibana intersection, the gusuku was built on a karst remnant hill about 87 m high.

It sits on a limestone hill surrounded by cliffs and steep slopes, forming a natural stronghold.

Its silhouette as a free-standing rocky hill, recognizable at a glance, is the gusuku’s greatest topographical highlight.

Where Uni-Ufugusuku met his end

Uni-Ufugusuku, who led the Shuri royal government’s army and defeated Amawari, lord of Katsuren Castle, is said to have been pursued by the Second Sho dynasty after the First Sho dynasty fell, and to have taken his own life here.

It is widely known as the final resting place of Ufugusuku Kenyu (Uni-Ufugusuku), a warrior of great valor, and is a dramatic historic site that conveys the turmoil of Okinawa’s age of warring lords.

A castle made up of five enclosures

The spot with the observation platform is thought to be the first enclosure, and together with the area between it and the rocky hill opposite, and the leveled ground below on the south side, the castle appears to consist of five enclosures.

You can see an enclosure on top of a large rock and four leveled areas, all surrounded by steep slopes. It is said that there was once a stone enclosure partway up the hill.

A place of faith with utaki and places of worship

Through the entrance you come out into a plaza with a kami-asagi (ritual building), and Ue-no-Tonmo is on the left.

Small shrine-like places of worship where locals pray still remain, so as well as a castle ruin it is a sacred site of the community and a power spot, where history and faith overlap.

A tomb built by Uni-Ufugusuku’s descendants

Partway up the southern cliff is a tomb built by Uni-Ufugusuku’s descendants.

Under the classification of Nakama Gisho, this tomb is an “enclosed rock-cave tomb”, located on the hillside south of Chibana Gusuku. It is a valuable remain where you can observe Okinawa’s unique burial customs up close.

Views over the streets of Chibana

From the observation spot, the view over the Chibana area is superb, and the natural surroundings are part of the appeal.

The view was once chosen as a scenic spot, but trees have since grown and now block part of it.

Even so, the scenery from the high ground is worth the visit.

Access and things to note

From the Chibana intersection, head about 160 m toward Ishikawa, turn left, and after about 180 m more the entrance is on your left.

There is space for a few cars near the trailhead, but the stairs to the top are steep, so take care.

Beyond the maintained section the undergrowth is thick in places, so wear clothes that are easy to walk in.

Short Video of Chibana Castle Ruins (Chibana Gusuku)

Here is a short video of Chibana Castle Ruins (Chibana Gusuku). Take a look.

History of Chibana Castle Ruins (Chibana Gusuku)

Chibana Gusuku is a hill castle thought to have been built around the 14th to 15th centuries, with stonework at an elevation of about 80 m. Details such as when it was built are unknown; the Omoro Soshi suggests an aji (local lord) lived here, but no clear legend has come down to us. Even who the lord was remains unclear, making it an ancient castle full of mysteries.

What put this gusuku’s name into history is the warrior Uni-Ufugusuku (Ufugusuku Kenyu). Ufugusuku Kenyu was a large man of great valor, popularly called Uni-Ufugusuku (“Ufugusuku the Demon”). In 1458, as commander of the Shuri royal army, he defeated Amawari, the aji of Katsuren, and for this he was appointed chief steward of Goeku district. Having distinguished himself in the Gosamaru-Amawari Rebellion, Kenyu moved into Goeku Gusuku, and Chibana Gusuku is thought to have been used as a base at that time.

Later political upheaval, however, changed his fate completely. When the First Sho dynasty was overthrown in 1469, Kenyu showed resistance and was attacked by the forces of the Second Sho dynasty, fleeing from Goeku Gusuku to Chibana Gusuku. He is said to have taken his own life here, and Chibana Gusuku is widely known as the place where Uni-Ufugusuku met his end.

The memory of Uni-Ufugusuku has been handed down here ever since. Partway up the southern cliff is a tomb built by his descendants. Although the full picture of the castle is still unclear, it is a historic site of great value that conveys the turmoil of Okinawa’s age of warring lords and the life of one warrior.

Access & Parking

Chibana Castle Ruins (Chibana Gusuku) has a parking area where you can park.

We recommend parking there.

Summary

Chibana Castle Ruins (Chibana Gusuku) is a natural stronghold that makes use of a distinctive karst remnant hill, and it brings together the history of Uni-Ufugusuku’s last stand, a castle made up of five enclosures, and places of faith such as utaki and places of worship. It is a site with real depth.

It lacks the glamour of a tourist attraction, but that is exactly its charm: you can take your time with Okinawa’s history and the memory of the land. The view over Chibana from the high ground and the quiet, nature-filled atmosphere are sure to stay with you.

The stairs to the top are steep, so wear clothes that are easy to walk in. If you are interested in Okinawan history or touring gusuku, why not pay it a visit?

The post Chibana Castle Ruins (Chibana Gusuku) | History, parking and nearby information first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.

Under Okinawa’s blue sky, Itokazu Castle Ruins stands quietly on a green, rolling hilltop.

It is a place where Okinawa’s rich history and nature come together beautifully, and it leaves a lasting impression on visitors.

With its imposing walls, stone ramparts and superb natural scenery, Itokazu Castle Ruins appeals not only to history lovers but to anyone visiting Okinawa.

Ratings for Itokazu Castle Ruins

*Ratings are the Okinawa Bookmark editor’s own view, compared with other castles and castle ruins in Okinawa.

Itokazu Castle Ruins at a Glance

Itokazu Castle Ruins is a National Historic Site and an important place in Okinawa’s history.

Highlights of Itokazu Castle Ruins

The tomb of the Itokazu Aji

The tomb of the Itokazu Aji, an important figure of the Ryukyu Kingdom era, still remains at Itokazu Castle Ruins.

The castle is said to have been built in the early 14th century by the Itokazu Aji, the third son of the Tamagusuku Aji, on his father’s orders – a must for anyone interested in Okinawan history.

The beautiful stone walls of Itokazu Castle Ruins

Another feature of Itokazu Castle Ruins is its beautifully preserved stone walls.

Built from Ryukyu limestone, these walls carry Okinawa’s traditional building techniques into the present day.

Beautiful views from the hilltop

Itokazu Castle Ruins stands on high ground about 180 m above sea level, and the view from the top is breathtaking.

You can take in the wide landscape of southern Okinawa’s main island in a single sweep.

Neishi Gusuku

Near Itokazu Castle Ruins is Neishi Gusuku.

This old fortress stands about 100 m north of Itokazu Castle Ruins and has a history as the base of the Itokazu Aji.

Site of the Kura Yashiki

Within the grounds of Itokazu Castle Ruins you can also see the site of the Kura Yashiki, once part of a thriving castle town.

The remains of historic buildings, and spaces that let you picture daily life at the time, leave visitors with much to reflect on.

Time needed: about 30 minutes

About 30 minutes is enough to walk around Itokazu Castle Ruins.

It is not a busy tourist spot, so it is rarely crowded.

History of Itokazu Castle Ruins

Itokazu Castle Ruins has played an important part in Okinawa’s history.

The castle is said to have been built in the early 14th century by the Itokazu Aji, the third son of the Tamagusuku Aji, on his father’s orders.

At the time, rival powers were fighting for control of the Ryukyu Islands, and Itokazu is thought to have played a central role.

The site is known as one of the largest gusuku (Okinawan fortresses) in the south of the main island, and its imposing walls still stand today.

The walls of stacked Ryukyu limestone in particular show how advanced building techniques were at the time.

Part of the castle was destroyed during the Battle of Okinawa, but it was later restored, and in 1972 it was designated a National Historic Site.

The designation recognizes the historical and cultural value of Itokazu Castle Ruins as an important heritage site that carries Okinawa’s history into the present.

From Itokazu Castle Ruins you can see all the way to the Kerama Islands, and against that beautiful backdrop you can feel a part of Okinawa’s history.

Standing on the high ground of the ruins, you see the same view the Itokazu Aji must once have looked out on.

Itokazu Castle Ruins is one of the places worth stopping at when you visit the south of Okinawa’s main island.

Its deep history and beautiful scenery offer a valuable chance to connect with Okinawa’s culture and past.

Access & Parking

There is no signposted car park at Itokazu Castle Ruins, but there is space to park within the grounds.

It is not a busy tourist spot, so parking is rarely a problem.

See the Google Map below for parking.

Nearby Information

Recommended Activities in Nanjo City

Nanjo City has plenty of marine activities to choose from.

You can book diving, snorkeling, SUP and more.

If you would like to enjoy diving or snorkeling, why not see what is available on Viator or GetYourGuide?

Yuinchi Hotel Nanjo

Yuinchi Hotel Nanjo offers reasonable rates and a natural hot spring – a rarity in Okinawa.

On clear days you can also enjoy fine views of the sea from its hilltop setting.

A rental car is the way to go in Okinawa

A rental car is by far the best way to get around the main island of Okinawa.

The places worth seeing are scattered across the island, from Shuri Castle in Naha to the beautiful beaches of the north and American Village in Chatan, so a car lets you get around freely at your own pace. Local buses are infrequent and rarely on time, so having a rental car makes a big difference to your trip.

Popular seasons book up quickly, so reserve early once your dates are set.

Summary

In this article we covered the highlights and history of Itokazu Castle Ruins and how long a visit takes.

Whether you are already in Okinawa or planning a trip, use this article as a guide to experiencing the appeal of Itokazu Castle Ruins.

Make memories to treasure at Itokazu Castle Ruins, where Okinawa’s nature and history are still alive.

The post Itokazu Castle Ruins | Highlights, Time Needed, Parking and History first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.

It is said to be where Amamikiyo, the deity who founded Ryukyu, took her first step onto Okinawa’s main island after crossing from Nirai Kanai, the paradise beyond the sea.

The landmark is a stone marker standing in the sea: it disappears underwater at high tide and emerges in full at low tide.

This guide covers the highlights and history of Yaharazukasa, along with access and parking.

Ratings for Yaharazukasa

Yaharazukasa at a Glance

Because Yaharazukasa is in the sea, how much you can see changes a great deal with the tide.

If you want to see the whole marker, check the low-tide times before you go.

Highlights of Yaharazukasa

Where Amamikiyo took her first step

Yaharazukasa is said to be where Amamikiyo, the deity who founded Ryukyu, first set foot after crossing from Nirai Kanai.

That makes it the place where Okinawa’s very first step was taken, and one of the most important prayer sites on the Agari-umaai.

Stand facing the sea here and the meaning of the legend comes naturally.

A marker that changes with the tide

At Yaharazukasa stands a stone marker carved with the name “Yaharazukasa”.

Because the marker is in the sea, it is submerged at high tide and fully exposed at low tide.

The same spot looks completely different depending on when you visit – that is what makes this prayer site so intriguing.

The eleventh prayer site on the Agari-umaai

The Agari-umaai is a pilgrimage to sacred sites that has continued since the days of the Ryukyu Kingdom.

It visits places linked to Amamikiyo, the creator deity of Ryukyu, and to the ancestors of the royal family. Starting from Sonohyan Utaki in Shuri as the first site, it heads east through Yonabaru, Sashiki, Chinen and Tamagusuku, and ends at Tamagusuku Castle Ruins – fourteen sites in all.

Yaharazukasa is the eleventh of these.

According to the legend, Amamikiyo came ashore at Yaharazukasa (no. 11), stayed for a time at Hamagawa Utaki (no. 12), and then settled at Minton Gusuku (no. 13).

The path to Hamagawa Utaki

About 50 m into the woods from Yaharazukasa is Hamagawa Utaki, the twelfth prayer site.

It is said to be where Amamikiyo rested after her journey, and the Agari-umaai visits the two sites as a pair.

Time needed: about 15 minutes

Allow about 15 minutes to see Yaharazukasa.

That is roughly how long it takes to walk down from the car park to the beach, look at the marker and take some photos.

If you are also visiting Hamagawa Utaki and Ukinju and Hainju, allow about an hour so you are not rushed.

Points to Note

• This prayer site is in the sea. Check the tide before you go
• The marker is underwater at high tide. Do not try to get close
• The rocks are slippery, so marine shoes or other footwear that protects your feet is recommended
• People still pray here. If someone is praying, wait quietly
• Do not take stones or sand away

History of Yaharazukasa

Yaharazukasa lies at the heart of the legends of Amamikiyo, the creator deity of Ryukyu.

This beach is said to be the first place Amamikiyo set foot on Okinawa’s main island after crossing from Nirai Kanai, the home of the gods beyond the sea.

After coming ashore, Amamikiyo is said to have stayed for a while at nearby Hamagawa Utaki before making her home at Minton Gusuku in Nakandakari, Tamagusuku.

This chain of legends has been handed down to the present day as the eleventh to thirteenth prayer sites of the Agari-umaai.

Access & Parking

It is about 40 minutes by car from Naha Airport.

There is a free car park shared with Hamagawa Utaki, and from there you walk down to the beach.

See the Google Map below for the location of Yaharazukasa.

Around Yaharazukasa

Recommended Activities in Nanjo City

Nanjo City has plenty of marine activities to choose from.

You can book diving, snorkeling, SUP and more.

If you would like to enjoy diving or snorkeling, why not see what is available on Viator or GetYourGuide?

Yuinchi Hotel Nanjo

Yuinchi Hotel Nanjo offers reasonable rates and a natural hot spring – a rarity in Okinawa.

On clear days you can also enjoy fine views of the sea from its hilltop setting.

A rental car is the way to go in Okinawa

A rental car is by far the best way to get around the main island of Okinawa.

The places worth seeing are scattered across the island, from Shuri Castle in Naha to the beautiful beaches of the north and American Village in Chatan, so a car lets you get around freely at your own pace. Local buses are infrequent and rarely on time, so having a rental car makes a big difference to your trip.

Popular seasons book up quickly, so reserve early once your dates are set.

Summary

In this article we introduced Yaharazukasa.

It is a prayer site in the sea, said to be where Amamikiyo, the creator deity of Ryukyu, took her first step onto Okinawa’s main island.

It is the eleventh site on the Agari-umaai, and the legend continues on to Hamagawa Utaki and Minton Gusuku.

What you see changes with the tide, so check the low-tide times before you visit.

Thank you for reading to the end.

The post Yaharazukasa | The Seaside Prayer Site Where Amamikiyo First Set Foot, a Sacred Stop on the Agari-umaai first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.

They well up on a slope that drops right down to the shore, and are said to be where rice cultivation in Okinawa began.

On the first Day of the Horse in the first month of the lunar calendar, local people still hold a rice-planting ceremony here.

This guide covers the highlights and history of Ukinju and Hainju, along with access and parking.

Ratings for Ukinju and Hainju

Ukinju and Hainju at a Glance

The rice-planting ceremony held at Ukinju and Hainju is designated an Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Nanjo City.

Highlights of Ukinju and Hainju

The birthplace of rice farming in Okinawa

Ukinju and Hainju are said to be where rice farming in Okinawa began.

The two springs, Ukinju and Hainju, rise side by side on a slope that runs down to the shore.

Below them lies a rice paddy called Weeda, and the story has long been told that rice farming spread across Okinawa from here.

The tenth prayer site on the Agari-umaai

The Agari-umaai is a pilgrimage to sacred sites that has continued since the days of the Ryukyu Kingdom.

It visits places linked to Amamikiyo, the creator deity of Ryukyu, and to the ancestors of the royal family. Starting from Sonohyan Utaki in Shuri as the first site, it heads east through Yonabaru, Sashiki, Chinen and Tamagusuku, and ends at Tamagusuku Castle Ruins – fourteen sites in all.

Ukinju and Hainju are the tenth of these.

From Ukinju and Hainju (no. 10) you can walk along the Hyakuna coast in Tamagusuku to Yaharazukasa (no. 11) and Hamagawa Utaki (no. 12).

A rice-planting ceremony that lives on

On the first Day of the Horse in the first lunar month, local people hold a rice-planting ceremony here.

The ceremony is designated an Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Nanjo City – proof that the legend is still alive as a living custom.

If your timing is right, you can watch it take place.

A setting that opens onto the sea

Ukinju and Hainju sit right by the shore, with the Pacific stretching out beyond the springs.

Set against the legend that the gods came from Nirai Kanai, the paradise beyond the sea, the meaning of this location becomes clear.

Time needed: about 20 minutes

Allow about 20 minutes to see Ukinju and Hainju.

That is roughly how long it takes to see the two springs and the Weeda paddy and read the information board.

If you are also visiting nearby Yaharazukasa and Hamagawa Utaki, allow about an hour so you are not rushed.

Points to Note

• People still pray and hold ceremonies here. Please visit quietly
• Do not step into the paddy or the springs
• If someone is praying, please refrain from taking photos
• The site is on a slope and the ground can be slippery, so wear comfortable shoes
• Please take all rubbish home with you

History of Ukinju and Hainju

Ukinju and Hainju are home to the tradition that rice farming in Okinawa began here.

The two springs on the slope above the shore, and the Weeda paddy below them, have long been regarded as the origin of farming in Okinawa.

Along with Ufakaru in Chinen, it is counted as a birthplace of rice farming – one reason the Agari-umaai is also called “a journey to the birthplaces of the five grains”.

The rice-planting ceremony on the first Day of the Horse in the first lunar month continues today and is designated an Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Nanjo City.

Access & Parking

It is about 40 minutes by car from Naha Airport.

There is parking but no restroom, so plan ahead.

See the Google Map below for the location of Ukinju and Hainju.

Around Ukinju and Hainju

Hyakuna Beach

A natural beach right next to Ukinju and Hainju.

It is said to be the sacred spot where Amamikiyo first came ashore, and is known as a power spot.

Hyakuna Beach | A Famous Power Spot, With Parking and Nearby Sights

Hyakuna Beach in Tamagusuku, Nanjo City, is a natural beach with very clear water and two kilometres of sand shared with...

okinawa-bookmark.com

Recommended Activities in Nanjo City

Nanjo City has plenty of marine activities to choose from.

You can book diving, snorkeling, SUP and more.

If you would like to enjoy diving or snorkeling, why not see what is available on Viator or GetYourGuide?

Yuinchi Hotel Nanjo

Yuinchi Hotel Nanjo offers reasonable rates and a natural hot spring – a rarity in Okinawa.

On clear days you can also enjoy fine views of the sea from its hilltop setting.

A rental car is the way to go in Okinawa

A rental car is by far the best way to get around the main island of Okinawa.

The places worth seeing are scattered across the island, from Shuri Castle in Naha to the beautiful beaches of the north and American Village in Chatan, so a car lets you get around freely at your own pace. Local buses are infrequent and rarely on time, so having a rental car makes a big difference to your trip.

Popular seasons book up quickly, so reserve early once your dates are set.

Summary

In this article we introduced Ukinju and Hainju.

These two springs are said to be the birthplace of rice farming in Okinawa, and the rice-planting ceremony is still carried on today.

They are the tenth site on the Agari-umaai, and you can walk on to Yaharazukasa and Hamagawa Utaki.

When you visit Nanjo City, be sure to stop by Ukinju and Hainju.

Thank you for reading to the end.

The post Ukinju and Hainju | The Birthplace of Rice Farming and a Sacred Site on the Agari-umaai first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.

The ruins were an important stage in the history of the Ryukyu Kingdom, and that grand past still comes through today.

This article covers what to see at the Katsuren Castle Ruins, how long to allow, and the admission and parking details.

Whoever you are, if you are visiting Okinawa, why not step into the old days for an hour?

Ratings for the Katsuren Castle Ruins

*Ratings are the subjective view of the Okinawa Bookmark editor, compared with other castles and castle ruins in Okinawa

The Katsuren Castle Ruins at a glance

Tickets for the Katsuren Castle Ruins can be bought on site or online, so it is worth checking in advance.

There are also guided tours of the site available.

Highlights of the Katsuren Castle Ruins

The first enclosure: a viewpoint over Okinawan history

Set about 100 metres above sea level, the first enclosure looks out to the mountains of northern Okinawa and as far as the Chinen Peninsula.

You get a sense of its old importance as a fortress, and the view is likely to hold you there a while.

Tamanomiuji Utaki: a place of worship where prayers were offered for the village

This utaki, with a sacred stone that guards Katsuren as its object of worship, was where people prayed for the village’s prosperity and safety.

It offers visitors a sense of quiet and calm.

There is also an information board explaining Tamanomiuji Utaki.

The second enclosure: an open space with history in it

Tile-roofed buildings of the kind seen at Shuri Castle and Urasoe Castle are thought to have stood here, which says something about how important the site was.

The stone-paved path still carries the traces of that past.

The second enclosure platform: the heart of the Katsuren Castle Ruins

Built from cut limestone, the platform forms the centre of the site, and it is thought to have been rebuilt several times over the centuries.

Ushinuji-gama: a refuge in times of trouble

This natural cave, or gama, is said to have served as an escape route in times of trouble, and exploring it brings the drama of the past to mind.

Umichimun: where the fire deity is enshrined

The name means “three hearth stones”, and this place, where the fire deity Hinukan is enshrined, reflects a faith long held in Okinawan homes.

The hall site: the most important building at Katsuren Castle

Measuring about 17 metres across and 14.5 metres deep, the hall site has a structure reminiscent of the main hall at Shuri Castle, which suggests it was of particular importance within Katsuren Castle.

The third enclosure: a key part of the castle and the centre of political ceremony

Ceremonies symbolising royal authority were held in the third enclosure, which served as the political heart of the site.

Here you can feel the weight of the history of how Okinawa’s kings governed.

The Una courtyard: a place of ritual

The Una courtyard is one of the most sacred places within the castle.

Rituals and festivals were held here, and the surviving stone paving speaks of the formality of those occasions.

Kimutaka no Utaki (Tunumutu): a place of prayer led by female priestesses known as kaminchu

This is where female priestesses communed with the gods and prayed for the peace of the village.

Wrapped in greenery, the quiet here puts you in a reverent frame of mind.

The mortar-shaped feature: a puzzle in stone

This distinctively shaped feature still poses many questions about its purpose and meaning.

Visitors are left to wonder about centuries of history yet to be fully explained.

The fourth enclosure: the last line of defence

The outermost part of Katsuren Castle, the fourth enclosure served as the last line of defence.

The remains of its sturdy walls carry a piece of Okinawan history into the present.

Utamishi-gaa: water, nature and daily life

Utamishi-gaa is a quiet spot where the sound of running water carries.

It served as a water source that supported daily life, and gives a sense of how closely people lived with nature.

Miitu-gaa: a secret meeting place for lovers

Miitu-gaa is said to be where lovers met again and again.

The words exchanged here may still be carried on the wind.

Nakama-nu-ukaa: the breath of the smiths who forged the weapons

Nakama-nu-ukaa, where sparks once flew as weapons were forged, offers a glimpse of everyday life in the past.

The stories of those smiths and their craft live on here.

Kadoguchi-no-kaa: a purification rite at the entrance, and a mark of respect for history

At Kadoguchi-no-kaa, the entrance to the Katsuren Castle Ruins, purification rites were once performed.

It is a gate that honours everyone who comes here and keeps watch over the site’s history.

Admission to the Katsuren Castle Ruins

Tickets for the Katsuren Castle Ruins can be bought on site or online, so it is worth checking in advance.

There are also guided tours of the site available.

If you would like the detail explained as you go, a guided tour is worth considering.

Time needed: about 45-60 minutes to see the whole site

The Katsuren Castle Ruins bring together Okinawa’s history and its natural beauty.

Roughly 45 to 60 minutes is enough to get a sense of what the place has to offer.

If you want to go deeper, Amawari Park, the site’s history and culture centre, has exhibits and a live theatre where you can learn about the past.

Access & Parking

The Katsuren Castle Ruins have a free car park, open from 9:00 to 18:00.

See the Google map below for parking details.

The history of the Katsuren Castle Ruins

The Katsuren Castle Ruins stand as a record of history, surrounded by Okinawa’s abundant natural world.

In the days of the Ryukyu Kingdom the castle became known through Amawari, who attacked Shuri Castle in 1458 and was destroyed for it.

Built on high ground on the Katsuren Peninsula, the castle is known for a sturdy design that made the most of the terrain.

From the ruins you can see Kin Bay and the islands of Uruma City, and as far as the Nakagusuku Castle Ruins in the distance.

The limestone walls are notable for having been laid out in harmony with the natural contours of the site.

Archaeological work has turned up a great many artefacts showing that Katsuren Castle once prospered through trade with China and played an important part in international commerce.

As the Omoro Soshi anthology records, Katsuren Castle flourished to a degree comparable with Kamakura and Kyoto. In 1458, however, Amawari’s attack on Shuri Castle led to a battle with the royal forces of King Sho Taikyu, and the castle fell.

Tragedy is not the only thing these walls carry, though.

Today the ruins remain a place where the lives of former residents and the history of the Ryukyu Kingdom still feel present, and visitors take them to heart.

The Katsuren Castle Ruins are unmissable for anyone who loves history, and for anyone who loves the natural world too.

Take in the past on this historic stage, and spend a comfortable hour on a hill ringed by Okinawa’s wide blue sky and greenery.

What’s nearby the Katsuren Castle Ruins

Activities in Uruma City

Uruma City offers all kinds of marine activities.

You can book diving, snorkeling, SUP and more.

If you would like to enjoy diving or snorkeling, why not see what is available on Viator or GetYourGuide?

Ikei Island Onsen AJ Resort Island Ikei

Ikei Island Onsen AJ Resort Island Ikei is a resort hotel on Ikei Island, one of Okinawa’s smaller islands.

Every room has an ocean view, and there is an outdoor pool and hot spring on site.

A rental car is the way to go in Okinawa

A rental car is by far the best way to get around the main island of Okinawa.

Shuri Castle in Naha, the beautiful beaches up north, American Village in Chatan and the rest are scattered all over the island, so having a car lets you explore at your own pace. Buses are infrequent and rarely run to time, so whether or not you have a car makes a real difference to the trip.

Popular seasons book up quickly, so reserve early once your dates are set.

Summary

The Katsuren Castle Ruins are a rare place to take in both Okinawa’s natural world and its history.

There is a great deal to see, from the first enclosure with its sweeping view to Tamanomiuji Utaki as a place of prayer and the third enclosure as the political centre.

The stone walls and surviving features carry the splendour of the Ryukyu Kingdom into the present.

A walk of roughly 45 to 60 minutes covers the whole site, which makes it a must-see for anyone visiting Okinawa.

Whether history or nature is your thing, do come and experience everything the Katsuren Castle Ruins have to offer.

The post Katsuren Castle Ruins | What to see, admission, parking, time needed and nearby information first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.

The Iha Castle Ruins sit quietly on high ground in Ishikawa, Uruma City. This was an important stronghold during the Sanzan period, when Ryukyu was divided among three powers.

Rough yet powerful nozurazumi stonework, and a view that takes in both the East China Sea and the Pacific at once — rare even on the main island. Here is a closer look at what makes the Iha Castle Ruins worth the trip.

Ratings for the Iha Castle Ruins

*Ratings are the subjective view of the Okinawa Bookmark editor, compared with other castles and castle ruins in Okinawa

The Iha Castle Ruins at a glance

Highlights

The history of the Iha aji

Iha Castle was the seat of the Iha aji, a powerful local family who ruled this area from the late 14th into the 15th century.

During the Sanzan period, before the Ryukyu Kingdom was unified, the castle played an important role as a stronghold where the Hokuzan and Chuzan spheres met.

One account holds that Amawari, the famous lord of Katsuren Castle, was also of Iha aji descent, which makes this a place to connect with the roots of the figures who shaped Okinawan history.

The beauty of nozurazumi stonework

The main draw at the Iha Castle Ruins is the surviving nozurazumi stonework.

This technique stacks unworked natural stone as it comes, and is regarded as one of the older forms of gusuku construction.

It looks almost haphazard at first glance, yet it has withstood centuries of wind and rain, and there is a real strength to it.

Its plain, rugged beauty is quite different from the neat kiriishizumi cut-stone walls of later periods, and is well worth seeing.

A panorama taking in the East China Sea and the Pacific

Set on a hill about 87 metres above sea level, the Iha Castle Ruins were once a military position, so the view is remarkably open.

From near the remains of the main enclosure you can see Ishikawa Bay (the Pacific) to the east and, on a clear day, the sea off Onna Village (the East China Sea) to the west.

Utaki, sacred ground with a solemn air

The Iha Castle Ruins were not only a military position; they remain a place of worship carefully looked after by local people today.

Several utaki, or places of worship, are dotted within the castle grounds, and they have long served as places to pray for good harvests and for the health of the family.

Mitsumori-gusuku-nu-utaki

Nakamori-gusuku-nu-utaki

Mori-gusuku-nu-utaki

Iha Nundunchi and Kami-ashagi

The quiet of a gusuku away from the crowds

World Heritage gusuku draw large numbers of visitors, but the Iha Castle Ruins see only a trickle, which is part of their appeal.

A YouTube Short of the Iha Castle Ruins

Here is a short video of the Iha Castle Ruins. Do have a look.

Access & Parking

The history of the Iha Castle Ruins

The Iha Castle Ruins stand in Ishikawa, Uruma City, on a limestone hill about 87 metres above sea level, and are a gusuku designated as a historic site by Okinawa Prefecture. The castle is said to date from the 14th century, roughly 700 years ago, and to have been the seat of the Iha aji, a powerful family thought to descend from the lords of Nakijin Castle.

Its defining feature is the stonework built in the old nozurazumi technique, stacking natural stone as it comes. The layout is single-enclosure, with sturdy stone walls on the east, south and west and a sheer cliff to the north. Large quantities of foreign ceramics and celadon fragments have been found here, evidence of brisk trade at the time and of how well the aji who ruled this land prospered.

There is also a view that the Iha aji maintained close ties with major gusuku around what is now Uruma City, such as Agena Castle and Katsuren Castle, making this an important site for understanding Ryukyuan history. Today it is a prefecturally designated historic site, and the view from the ruins takes in Ishikawa Bay and Mount Ishikawa, pairing historical interest with fine scenery.

What’s nearby the Iha Castle Ruins

Activities in Uruma City

Uruma City offers all kinds of marine activities.

You can book diving, snorkeling, SUP and more.

If you would like to enjoy diving or snorkeling, why not see what is available on Viator or GetYourGuide?

Ikei Island Onsen AJ Resort Island Ikei

Ikei Island Onsen AJ Resort Island Ikei is a resort hotel on Ikei Island, one of Okinawa’s smaller islands.

Every room has an ocean view, and there is an outdoor pool and hot spring on site.

A rental car is the way to go in Okinawa

A rental car is by far the best way to get around the main island of Okinawa.

Shuri Castle in Naha, the beautiful beaches up north, American Village in Chatan and the rest are scattered all over the island, so having a car lets you explore at your own pace. Buses are infrequent and rarely run to time, so whether or not you have a car makes a real difference to the trip.

Popular seasons book up quickly, so reserve early once your dates are set.

Summary

The Iha Castle Ruins carry the roots of Ryukyu across more than 700 years, and few places deserve the phrase “sanctuary of quiet” quite as much.

Looking out between those sturdy nozurazumi walls at the view its old heroes once dreamed over is a rather luxurious way to spend an hour. This is more than a round of historic sites: feeling the sacred air of the utaki still carefully tended today should give you a deeper sense of Okinawa’s spiritual culture.

Precisely because it has never been over-developed for tourism, the breath of history here is the genuine article. On your next trip to Okinawa, why not head for the Iha Castle Ruins and feel the wind crossing between two seas?

The post Iha Castle Ruins | Panoramic views and history, with parking and nearby information first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.

The pit dwelling remains and pottery fragments left on this quiet, sea-girt patch of land speak of the ingenuity of the people who lived here and of how they lived alongside nature.

Looking out over the blue sea while sensing something of the ancient world: that is what makes the Nakahara Site special.

Ratings for the Nakahara Site

*Ratings are the subjective view of the Okinawa Bookmark editor, compared with other castles and castle ruins in Okinawa

The Nakahara Site at a glance

Highlights of the Nakahara Site

A rare window onto life in Okinawa’s Shell Midden period

The Nakahara Site is a settlement from the middle of Okinawa’s Shell Midden period, roughly 2,000 to 2,500 years ago, and an important record of how people lived at the time. It was designated a National Historic Site in 1986 and is known for pit dwelling remains on a scale unmatched anywhere else in the prefecture.

Large numbers of pottery pieces, stone tools and shell artefacts have been excavated, showing how the inhabitants drew on the resources of both sea and forest.

From food and shelter to toolmaking, it is a rare place to get a feel for the knowledge and culture of the islanders of that era.

Source: Wikipedia

Pit dwellings

Within the site you can see the remains of pit dwellings, built by digging down into the ground.

It was a way of sheltering from strong winds and heat, and a piece of everyday wisdom suited to Okinawa’s particular climate.

History and sightseeing in one trip

Ikei Island, where the Nakahara Site lies, is a popular small island reachable by car along the Kaichu-doro sea road.

After looking round the site you can head for beaches with wonderfully clear water, taking in nature and history on the same day.

It is a special spot where the appeal of a holiday destination sits alongside quiet time spent thinking about the distant past.

Access & Parking

There is an open patch of ground at the entrance to the Nakahara Site with room for one or two cars.

You can park there, though with a larger vehicle you will end up parking on the road.

What’s nearby

Activities on Ikei Island

Ikei Island offers all kinds of marine activities.

You can book diving, snorkeling, parasailing and more.

If you would like to enjoy diving or snorkeling, why not see what is available on Viator or GetYourGuide?

Ikei Island Onsen AJ Resort Island Ikei

Ikei Island Onsen AJ Resort Island Ikei is a resort hotel on Ikei Island, one of Okinawa’s smaller islands.

Every room has an ocean view, and with an outdoor pool and a hot spring as well it is the finest resort hotel on Ikei Island.

A rental car is the way to go in Okinawa

A rental car is by far the best way to get around the main island of Okinawa.

Shuri Castle in Naha, the beautiful beaches up north, American Village in Chatan and the rest are scattered all over the island, so having a car lets you explore at your own pace. Buses are infrequent and rarely run to time, so whether or not you have a car makes a real difference to the trip.

Popular seasons book up quickly, so reserve early once your dates are set.

Summary

The Nakahara Site is a rare chance to touch on how people in Okinawa lived long ago.

On Ikei Island, ringed by beautiful sea and greenery, quiet time spent thinking about the past tends to linger in the memory long after the trip.

Do stop by while you are out driving or sightseeing. You should be able to take in the same view, and feel the same wind, as the people who lived here in ancient times.

The post Nakahara Site | An ancient settlement on Ikei Island, with parking and nearby information first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.

Built in the 14th century, the ruins carry Okinawa’s distinctive castle-building tradition into the present, beautiful stone walls and all.

Designated a National Historic Site, this is a castle ruin with plenty going for it.

Below are the things worth seeing when you visit the Agena Castle Ruins.

Ratings for the Agena Castle Ruins

*Ratings are the subjective view of the Okinawa Bookmark editor, compared with other castles and castle ruins in Okinawa

The Agena Castle Ruins at a glance

Highlights of the Agena Castle Ruins

A National Historic Site

The Agena Castle Ruins were designated a National Historic Site in 1972.

This hilltop castle made clever use of natural cliffs and steep slopes, and is thought to have been built by the Agena aji around the 14th century.

Beautiful stone walls

One of the defining features of the Agena Castle Ruins is the beauty of its stone walls.

A double ring of walls, one outer and one inner, gives the site a rinkaku-shiki concentric layout that is unusual in Okinawa.

The neatly stacked stonework speaks to the skill of the builders, and it really is impressive to see.

You can walk to the top

It takes only about three minutes on foot to reach the top of the Agena Castle Ruins.

The footing was slippery, so proper shoes are a good idea.

The route follows the natural contours of the hill, so you can take in the scenery as you go.

At the top there is an entrance like the one pictured above, and beyond it the view opens right up.

From the summit you can see across Agena, and the view from atop the ruins was lovely too.

The Agena bullfighting ring

The Agena Castle Ruins include the Agena bullfighting ring, once the venue for island-wide bullfighting tournaments.

These days most events seem to be held at the Ishikawa Multi-purpose Dome, and the ring does not appear to see much use.

Looking down on the ring from above gives you the view pictured here.

A park full of children

The area around the Agena Castle Ruins has been laid out as Agena Central Park.

It is an ideal place to bring children or the whole family, with something for grown-ups and children alike.

Map of the Agena Castle Ruins

There is a site map for Agena Central Park on display.

The history of the Agena Castle Ruins

The Agena Castle Ruins were built around the 14th century by the Agena Okawa aji.
It was a hilltop castle that made clever use of natural cliffs and steep slopes, known as a rinkaku-shiki gusuku with a double ring of stone walls, one outer and one inner.
At its height it controlled much of the central part of Okinawa’s main island, with castles at Gushikawa, Tengan, Yara and Kyan as well, making it the strongest power in the region.

The plan had originally been to build at Kanekadan, but the site was changed to the low hill at Agena where the ruins stand today.
The Agena Okawa aji family ruled for three generations across the 15th and 16th centuries, until the castle finally fell to the armies of King Sho Shin in 1526.

Today the area around the ruins is laid out as Agena Central Park, where you can enjoy both the history and the natural surroundings.

Parking & Access

The Agena Castle Ruins have a free car park.

See the Google map below for parking details.

What’s nearby the Agena Castle Ruins

Activities in Uruma City

Uruma City offers all kinds of marine activities.

You can book diving, snorkeling, SUP and more.

If you would like to enjoy diving or snorkeling, why not see what is available on Viator or GetYourGuide?

Hotel Hamahigashima Resort

Hotel Hamahigashima Resort is a lovely place to stay with ocean views.

Muruku Beach is within walking distance, and there is an outdoor pool looking out to sea.

A rental car is the way to go in Okinawa

Summary

The Agena Castle Ruins are an appealing spot where history and natural beauty come together.

There is a lot to take in, from its standing as a National Historic Site to the beautiful stone walls and the easy walk to the summit.

There is a park for children to enjoy as well, so it suits families nicely.

Do pay the Agena Castle Ruins a visit.

The post Agena Castle Ruins | Beautiful stone walls in Uruma City, with history, parking and nearby information first appeared on Okinawa Bookmark.